今晚这个国家几乎所有的6100万人口 Tonight nearly all 61 million people of this country
将会睡着，我们每一个人都会做梦。 will fall asleep, and each and every one of us will dream.
高速公路上有两条车道，所以这是一条正常的高速公路。 There were two lanes on the motorway so it was a normal motorway
除了所有的汽车里都没有人之外。 apart from the fact that all the cars had no people in them.
我拿着一大杯牛奶，里面有一头生菜。 I'm holding a big glass of milk and there's a head of lettuce in it.
她的体重非常超标，而且实际上正在长出真正的胡须。 She was very overweight and actually was growing a real beard.
这是一个充满快乐和痛苦的非凡世界。 It's an extraordinary world full of pleasure and pain.
我从天而降，来到这种美丽的... I descended from the sky onto this sort of beautiful...
..我被人掐住脖子，......被人刺伤，我被人射杀......。 .. I've been choked and... stabbed and I've been shot...
但是，我们为什么会做梦是科学的一个大谜团。 But why we dream is one of science's great mysteries.
我不知道有谁不为梦想着迷。 I don't know anybody who isn't fascinated by dreams.
我的意思是他们是... I mean they are...
在我们的生活中，有很多令人愤慨的事件。 outrageous events in our lives.
现在才知道 It's only now
科学正开始揭示的 that science is beginning to reveal
这个秘密世界的诡异复杂性。 the bizarre complexities of this secret world.
大自然为什么会 Why would Mother Nature
高度激活你的大脑，麻痹你的身体。 highly activate your brain, paralyse your body,
性激活你 sexually activate you
并强迫你看这些我们称之为梦的东西，为什么？ and force you to watch these things we call dreams, why?
大自然为什么要这样做？ Why would Mother Nature do that?
我们认为我们所知道的关于梦的大部分内容似乎都是错误的。 Much of what we thought we knew about dreams appears to be wrong.
如果没有恶梦，人类很有可能 Without nightmares there is a good chance that humanity
就根本不会在这里了。 wouldn't be here at all.
我们的梦想从何而来？ Where do our dreams come from?
如果你想了解 If you want to understand
人类的本性，人类的思想，是什么让我们如此兴奋。 human nature, the human mind, what makes us tick,
你需要看一下梦想。 you need to look at dreams.
我们的梦有意义吗？ Do our dreams have meaning?
人们从直觉上知道，有一些 People intuitively know that there is something
关于他们的梦想，是有意义的。 about their dreams that is meaningful.
人们无休止地迷恋着梦想。 People are endlessly fascinated by dreams.
我们可以利用我们的梦想吗？ Can we use our dreams?
那些做梦的人实际上最终会 Those people who dream about it actually end up
下一次表现得更好。 performing better the next time.
纵观人类历史，总是有 Throughout human history there have always been
关于梦的起源的大想法。 big ideas about the origins of dreams.
几十年来，人们认为梦是所有这些如此精神的东西 For decades people thought dreams were all these so spiritual things
而且你知道他们是。 and you know they are.
这都是关于隐藏的性欲，都是胡说八道。 It's all about hidden sexual desires, it's all nonsense.
科学家们长期以来一直认为，梦是有目的的。 Scientists have long held the belief that dreams have a purpose.
梦想已经负责了两个诺贝尔奖。 Dreams have been responsible for two Nobel prizes,
几种主要药物的发明，其他科学发现。 the invention of a couple of major drugs, other scientific discoveries.
当你与某人分享一个梦想时。 When you share a dream with somebody,
你是说这里有一些关于我的信息 you're saying here is some information about me
我没有伪造的。 that I haven't faked.
因此，它是可靠的，因此它可能揭示了 and therefore it's reliable, and therefore it might reveal
关于我的一些有趣的事情。 something interesting about me.
但直到55年前，才发现 But it was not until 55 years ago
神经科学才真正开始研究做梦的大脑。 that neuroscience really began to study the dreaming brain.
然后美国睡眠科学家纳撒尼尔-克莱特曼 Then American sleep scientist Nathaniel Kleitman
进行了一系列引人注目的实验。 undertook a series of remarkable experiments.
他测量了受试者睡觉时的脑电波活动。 He measured the brainwave activity of his subjects whilst they slept.
而不是看到大多数科学家预期的被动局面。 Rather than seeing the passive picture most scientists expected,
克莱特曼发现情况恰恰相反。 Kleitman found quite the opposite.
他们发现的是，是的，他们似乎睡着了 What they found is that yes, they seem to fall asleep
你得到了这些大的波浪，但在不长的时间之后 and you got these big waves but then after not a very long time
它又变得快速和低振幅 it became fast and low amplitude again
仿佛他们是清醒的，但他们并没有。 as if they were awake but they weren't.
因此，看起来在你睡着的时候，大脑可以转移 So it looks like while you're asleep, the brain can shift
在不同的状态之间，我们现在说的睡眠的不同阶段。 between different states, different stages of sleep we say now,
其中一些看起来非常像唤醒。 some of which looks very much like wake.
而当克莱特曼检查这些活跃的睡眠周期时，他注意到 And when Kleitman examined these active sleep cycles, he noticed
还有一点--睡眠者的眼睛似乎在眨动。 something else - the sleepers' eyes appeared to be blinking.
克莱特曼称其为快速眼动，或称REM睡眠 Kleitman called it Rapid Eye Movement, or REM sleep
而这将导致他最伟大的发现。在快速眼动睡眠期间。 and it would lead to his greatest discovery. During REM sleep,
研究人员无一例外地发现了什么 what the researchers invariably found
当他们醒过来的时候，有一个对象 when they woke up a subject
是主体会说，"我在做梦。我刚刚做了一个生动的梦。" was the subject would say, "I'm dreaming. I just had a vivid dream. "
克莱特曼曾准确地指出，当我们做梦时 Kleitman had pinpointed when we dream
但他在我们的大脑和眼睛活跃时发现。 but he found while our brain and eyes were active,
快速眼动睡眠对我们身体的影响正好相反。 the effect of REM sleep on our bodies was exactly the opposite.
快速眼动睡眠的另一个特点是，你的肌肉张力 Another feature of REM sleep is that your muscle tone
只是绝对下降到零。 just goes absolutely down to zero.
你变得功能瘫痪。 You become functionally paralysed.
如果你在椅子上坐着看电视，而头点了一下 If you're sitting up in a chair watching TV, and the head nods
和下降，你就睡着了，这不是快速眼动睡眠。 and falls and you fall asleep, that's not REM sleep.
如果你进入快速眼动睡眠，你会真的从椅子上滚下来。 If you fall into REM sleep, you would literally roll off the chair
到地板上，因为你的身体变得绝对放松了。 onto the floor because your body becomes absolutely relaxed,
几乎瘫痪的意思是，你不能让你的肌肉 almost paralysed in the sense that you can't make your muscles
实际工作中，它变得绝对平静，没有反应。 actually work and it becomes absolutely calm and non-responsive.
克莱特曼和他的团队已经迈出了第一步 Kleitman and his team had made the first step
在解释我们的梦想生活时 in explaining our dream lives
但这需要进行一些更大胆的实验 but it would take some far more audacious experiments
以进一步进入梦的秘密世界。 to enter further into the secret world of dreams.
这只猫看起来好像是醒着的。 This cat looks as if it's awake.
事实上，它正在快速睡着。 In fact, it's fast asleep.
一条狗似乎在尝试跑步。 A dog appears to try running.
它也在睡觉。 It too is asleep.
为了看到这些梦境，动物们受到了 In order for these dreams to be seen, the animals were subjected
到根治性手术。 to radical surgery.
科学家们切除了大脑中负责瘫痪的部分 Scientists removed the part of the brain responsible for paralysing
在快速眼动睡眠期间的肌肉。 the muscles during REM sleep.
我们看到的是，当你这样做时，特别是对猫。 And what we see is that when you do this, with cats in particular,
是，他们，他们可以在快速眼动睡眠期间走动，他们的行为 is that they, they can walk around during REM sleep and their behaviour
不是随机的，不是混乱的。 is not random, it's not chaotic.
他们不只是在做任何老的疯狂的事情。 They're not just doing any old crazy thing.
他们似乎在做猫咪喜欢做的各种行为。 They appear to be doing the kinds of behaviours that cats like to do
像跟踪猎物一样，你知道和老鼠或其他东西玩。 like stalking a prey, you know play with a mouse or something.
因此，据推测这就是他们进入快速眼动睡眠时梦到的东西。 So presumably that's what they dream about when they go into REM sleep.
因此，这就是我们认为正在发生的事情。 So that's what we think is happening.
这些实验让科学家们对梦境有了深入的了解 These experiments gave scientists an insight into the dream world
的动物。 of animals.
在人类身上重复这种激进的手术是不可想象的。 Repeating such radical surgery in humans was unthinkable.
研究人员仍在寻求一种观察人的方法 Researchers still sought a way to observe people
实现他们的梦想。 living out their dreams.
一种罕见的大脑疾病提供了一个可能的答案。 One rare brain disease offers a possible answer.
嗯，我不是一个好斗的人。 Well, I'm not an aggressive person.
不，一点也不咄咄逼人，但当他有... No, not aggressive at all but he is when he's got...
这是一个Jekyll和Hyde的事情。 It's a Jekyll and Hyde thing.
是的，我在说汤米，停止它，停止它! Yeah I'm saying Tommy, stop it, stop it!
停止吧！ Stop it!
我说你在做什么，他说 "我在把鹦鹉捡起来。" And I said what are you doing and he said "I'm picking the parrot up. "
我说，"你什么？"他说，"我正在捡拾鹦鹉。" And I said, "You what?" And he said, "I'm picking the parrot up. "
而他甚至不知道他已经告诉了我这些，你知道吗？不知道。 And he don't even know that he's told me that, do you? No.
汤姆和蒂娜-库斯利已经结婚42年了。 Tom and Tina Cursley have been married for 42 years.
三年前，汤姆从经营花园中心退休了 Three years ago Tom retired from running a garden centre
就在这时，他开始在卧室里引起一阵骚动。 and that's when he started to cause a rumpus in the bedroom.
好吧，是我告诉他，他必须去看医生的。 Well, it was me telling him he's got to go to the doctor's
并将其整理出来，因为我必须迅速跳下床。 and sort this out because I'd have to jump out of bed quick.
我想我是在奔跑和踢腿，我的手臂是去... I'd think I was running and kicking, and my arms were going...
我不知道他要做什么，因为他很有侵略性。 I didn't know what he was going to do cos he was aggressive.
汤姆已经开始表演他的梦想，有一个梦想使他 Tom had begun to act out his dreams and there was one that caused him
在晚上特别有活力。 to be particularly energetic at night.
我可以想象现在是在这片田野上，背景是一条河。 I can picture now being in this field, a river in the background
我不知道，大约有十几头牛在草地上吃草 and I don't know, about a dozen cows grazing the grass
他们突然开始向我走来 and they suddenly started coming towards me
周围都有高高的围栏 and there's this high fence all round it
而我正退到围墙边上。 and I'm backing up to the fence,
躲开了，但他们继续来。 getting out of the way but they keep coming.
我试图跳过栅栏 And I try and jump over the fence
但我不可能跳过它。 but there's no way I could jump over it.
牛群不断过来，向我挤眉弄眼，把我推开。 The cows keep coming and nudging me and push me out of the way.
当他做梦时，汤姆在床上乱跳。 As he dreams, Tom thrashes about the bed.
他真的是太可怕了。 He's just horrible really.
他大喊大叫，......到处发飙。 He's shouting and... raging about everywhere.
有一天晚上，床头柜翻了，他甚至不知道。 The bedside cabinet went over the other night and he didn't even know
他把它打翻了，但所有东西都飞了，不是吗？是的。 he'd knocked that over but everything went flying, didn't it? Yeah.
一切都是。 Everything.
灯光、时钟、药片，而他甚至从未醒来。 Light, clock, tablets, and he never even woke up.
这是，这是可怕的，因为我的意思是，他为什么要这样做？ It is, it is awful because I mean, why is he doing it?
汤姆患有一种罕见的大脑疾病，即快速眼动睡眠障碍。 Tom is suffering from a rare brain condition called REM Sleep Disorder.
John Shneerson博士 Dr John Shneerson
他是欧洲研究这种情况的主要专家之一。 is one of Europe's leading experts on this condition.
这对快速眼动睡眠行为障碍来说绝对是经典的。 It's absolutely classical for the REM Sleep behaviour disorder.
开始时，伴侣认为的动作是 It starts off with movements that the partner thinks
是有点不寻常，但没有什么特别的，只是踢了一脚，只是做了一个恶梦。 is a bit unusual but nothing special, just kicking and just a bad dream,
但它变得更加频繁，更加强烈 but it becomes more frequent, more intense
这对伴侣和做梦者来说都是危险的。 and it can be dangerous for the partner and dangerous for the dreamer
可能从床上跳下来的人，有相当严重的伤害。 who may dive out of bed and have quite severe injuries.
很多有这种情况的人最终在他们的卧室里什么都没有。 A lot of people with this condition end up with nothing in their bedroom.
他们拿出了所有的床头柜。 They take out all the bedside tables,
所有的灯，所有的尖角，都有可能伤到自己。 all the lamps, all the sharp corners, which might injure themselves.
他们最后几乎被关进了软垫牢房。 They end up almost in a padded cell.
这种情况是由逐渐的破坏引起的 The condition is caused by a gradual destruction
脑干的一个部分被称为彭斯。 of a part of the brain stem called the Pons.
脑桥在快速眼动睡眠中控制肌肉 The Pons controls the muscles in REM sleep
而且这种疾病在某些情况下是帕金森氏病的前兆。 and the disorder is in some cases a pre-cursor to Parkinson's Disease.
一些患有更严重形式的疾病的患者 Some sufferers who have a more severe form of the disease
展示非常生动的梦。 demonstrate very vivid dreams.
如在这段视频中，一个睡觉的人对着他的手指显示器猛吸。 As in this video, a sleeper puffs on his finger monitor,
梦想着这是一支香烟。 dreaming that it's a cigarette.
在这里，一位法国老兵梦想着在阅兵场上行军。 Here a French veteran dreams of marching on the parade ground.
另一位病人梦见有动物进入房间。 Another patient was dreaming that there were animals coming in the room
而他在壁炉上醒来，发现难以脱身。 and he woke up on the mantelpiece and found it difficult to get off.
他不知道自己是怎么上去的。他一定是非常敏捷的。 He didn't know how he got up there. He must have been very agile,
非常有动力走到这一步。 very motivated to get that far.
它只是大脑的一小部分 It's only a tiny part of the brain
这使我们无法采取行动实现我们的梦想。 which prevents us from acting out our dreams.
快速眼动期睡眠的部分活动是关闭与其他睡眠者之间的联系。 Part of the activity of REM sleep is to turn off the connections between
你大脑中的这些中心和肌肉本身。 these centres in your brain and the muscles themselves,
所以如果你有，你可以有各种想法 so if you have, you could have all sorts of thoughts
和大脑内部的活动，没有人可以从外面看到它。 and activity within the brain, and nobody could see it from outside.
而对于患者来说，快速眼动睡眠障碍可能是难以忍受的。 Whilst for the sufferer REM Sleep Disorder can be unbearable,
对于科学家来说，它实现了看到别人的梦想的雄心。 for scientists it fulfils the ambition of seeing somebody else's dream in action.
在对沉睡的大脑进行了55年的不断深入研究之后。 After 55 years of delving ever deeper into the sleeping brain,
梦想科学的新前沿正在急剧变化 the new cutting edge of dream science is dramatically changing
我们对梦的理解。 our understanding of dreams.
埃里卡-哈里斯是新型的梦想科学家之一。 Erica Harris is one of the new breed of dream scientists.
当其他大多数人为了回家而与高峰期斗争时。 As most other people battle the rush hour to get home,
她正在赶来波士顿大学工作。 she's arriving for work at Boston University,
一个世界中心在这个空灵的领域。 a world centre in this ethereal field.
今晚的实验 The experiment tonight
可能要到早上6点半或7点左右才会结束，我们最终会完成。 won't probably end till about 6.30 or 7am when we're finally done.
这很累人，但我们喜欢我们的工作，所以我们很期待。 It's very tiring but we enjoy our work so we're looking forward to it.
同时到来的还有她的天竺鼠罗斯。 Also arriving is her guinea pig Ross,
一个19岁的学生，因为晚上睡得不好而来到这里。 a 19-year-old student who has come here for a bad night's sleep.
你好哦，你好，我是罗斯。嗨，罗斯。 Hello! Oh, hello, I'm Ross. Hi, Ross.
接下来8个小时的目的是衡量情感的旅程 The aim of the next eight hours is to measure the emotional journey
罗斯在夜里做梦时要进行的。 that Ross is going to undertake as he dreams through the night.
这是为了测量他可能有的任何不同类型的肌肉运动。 This is to measure any different type of muscle movement that he might have
在他的眼睛或在他的下巴。 at his eyes or at his chin.
我们需要测量脑电波，因为脑电波看起来不同 We need to measure the brainwaves because the brainwaves look different
取决于人进去的不同类型的睡眠。 depending on the different type of sleep that the person goes in.
研究人员将监测他的每一个脑电波 The researchers will monitor his every brainwave
和整个晚上的运动。 and movement throughout the night.
罗斯今晚将有26个不同的电极。 There are 26 different electrodes that Ross will have on tonight.
我们将对所有事情有一个相当好的了解 We're going to have a pretty good idea about everything
在他睡觉的时候，他正在进行的事情。 that is going on with him while he's sleeping.
即使有这些技术，仍然只有一种方法 Even with all this technology, there is still only one way
以了解罗斯是否在做梦。甜蜜的梦。 to find out whether Ross is dreaming. Sweet dreams.
该项目负责人是帕特里克-麦克纳马拉教授。 The project leader is Professor Patrick McNamara.
没有任何技术能让我们 There is no technology that allows us
以百分百确定地知道一个人在做梦。 to know 100% certainty that a person is dreaming.
你可以看到发生的所有特征的全景 You can see the full panoply of characteristics that occur
在快速眼动睡眠期间 - 瘫痪，眼睛来回转动。 during REM sleep - the paralysis, the eyes darting back and forth.
你可以把他放在一个神经成像扫描仪下。你可以看到这些区域 You can put him under a neuro-imaging scanner. You can see the areas
在快速眼动睡眠期间亮起的大脑亮起 of the brain that light up during REM sleep light up
你可以期望他们在你叫醒他们时报告一个梦境 and you can expect them to report a dream when you wake them up
但他们可能不会。 but they may not.
不幸的是，发现一个人是否在做梦的最好方法是 Unfortunately the best way to find out if a person is dreaming
是把他们叫醒，问他们。 is to wake them up and ask them.
尽管有这一限制，该实验将研究 Despite this limitation, the experiment will examine
我们的梦想如何在我们的精神健康中发挥核心作用。 how our dreams play a central role in our mental well-being.
因此，这应该告诉我们一些关于心灵本质的重要信息 So this should tell us something crucial about the nature of the mind
因为如果你想了解人性，了解人类的思想。 because if you want to understand human nature, the human mind,
是什么让我们心动。 what makes us tick,
你需要看一下梦想。 you need to look at dreams.
现在是波士顿的梦想实验室的11点。 It's now eleven o'clock in the dream labs in Boston,
而罗斯已经入睡了。 and Ross has gone to sleep.
但这将是一个漫长而艰难的夜晚。 But it's going to be a long hard night.
我们的睡眠被分为90分钟的周期。 Our sleep is divided into 90-minute cycles.
前两者以深度睡眠为主 The first two are dominated by deep sleep
当我们的大脑主要处于被动状态时。 when our brain is mainly passive.
此后，我们在快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠之间交替进行。 After that we alternate between REM and non-REM sleep.
在这个显示器上，我们正在寻找 On this monitor we are looking for
他进入睡眠的各个阶段，所以我们想让他 him to descend into the various stages of sleep so we want him
在我们唤醒他之前，他已经完成了完整的睡眠周期。 to make his complete sleep cycle prior to us awakening him.
罗斯已进入快速眼动睡眠的第一个周期 Ross has entered the first cycle of REM sleep
我们知道梦境发生的地方。 where we know dreaming takes place.
但三十分钟后，他开始了另一个阶段的睡眠。 But thirty minutes later he starts another stage of sleep,
称为非快速眼动睡眠。 called non-REM sleep.
现在我们能看到的是，他正处于非快速眼动睡眠状态。 Right now what we can see is that he's in non-REM sleep,
因为脑电波的形状是非常接近的，像这样。 because the shape of the brainwaves are very close together like this,
然后我们看到一些非常尖锐的。 and then we see some that are very spiky.
这是过渡到以下阶段的开始 This is the beginning of the transition to the stage in which
我们想唤醒罗斯。 we want to wake Ross up.
梦想科学家曾经认为，这只是一个微不足道的 Dream scientists used to think that this was just an insignificant
睡眠阶段，我们只在快速眼动睡眠中做梦。 stage of sleep and that we only dreamt in REM sleep.
但过去几年的巨大惊喜是发现了 But the great surprise of the past few years is the discovery
我们在非快速眼动睡眠中也会做梦，实验证实了这一点。 that we dream in non-REM sleep as well, as the experiment confirms.
现在是凌晨四点钟。 It's four o'clock in the morning.
罗斯，起床了，是时候做你的包了。 Ross, wake up, it's time to do your packet.
罗斯从非快速眼动睡眠中醒来，确实报告做了一个梦。 Ross is woken from non-REM sleep and does indeed report having a dream.
我和我认识的人在一起。 I was with people I knew,
没有真正的朋友，但我和我认识的人在一起。 no real friends as specific but I was with people I knew
而我们是 and we were
试图找到一个地方。 trying to find somewhere.
这不仅仅是我们在非快速眼动睡眠中做梦。 It is not just that we dream in non-REM sleep.
这一突破性的实验开始发现 This groundbreaking experiment is starting to find
这两个梦想世界在本质上是不同的。 that these two dream worlds are fundamentally different.
因此，他现在正在做的第一件事是一份情绪调查问卷 So the first thing that he's working on right now is a mood questionnaire
基本上他可能看到三个字母，如O P T and basically he might see three letters like O P T
而他应该完成某种话语的表达。 and he's supposed to complete some kind of word for that.
罗斯选择的词语将表明 The words Ross chooses will indicate
在非快速眼动睡眠中，他对自己的感觉有多积极。 how positive he's feeling about himself in non-REM sleep.
他似乎对自己的感觉非常好。 He appears to be feeling very good about himself.
我们在实验中发现，有一个非常可靠的差异 We found in our experiment there was a very reliable difference
在自我概念、自我评价方面有了很大的提高。 in self-concept, self-regard and there was an increase
在从非快速眼动期醒来后，对自我的积极评价。 in positive regard of the self after awakenings from non-REM.
罗斯继续睡觉。 Ross goes back to sleep.
下一次他被叫醒时，他将很好地进入快速眼动睡眠。 The next time he's woken he will be well into REM sleep.
早上5点。 5 am.
罗斯，该醒醒了。 Ross, time to wake up.
这一次，罗斯报告了一些负面的话。 This time Ross reports a number of negative words.
麦克纳马拉推测，在性质上的差异 McNamara speculates that the difference in the nature
这些梦可以追溯到大脑的一个古老结构。 of these dreams can be traced back to an ancient structure of the brain
称为杏仁核，与我们的情绪有关。 called the amygdala that is linked to our emotions.
我认为，在与快速眼动期有关的梦中，我们有更多的负面情绪 I think that we have more negative emotions during REM-related dreams
因为在快速眼动睡眠期间，杏仁核被高度激活。 because during REM sleep, the amygdala is very highly activated
而杏仁核专门负责处理不愉快的情绪 and the amygdala specialises in handling unpleasant emotions
如强烈的恐惧或强烈的愤怒或攻击性。 like intense fear or intense anger or aggression.
最后漫长的夜晚结束了，艾丽卡回家了。 Finally the long night is over and Erica goes home,
但该实验有更多的内容要揭示。 but the experiment has more to reveal.
麦克纳马拉开始将快速眼动期和非快速眼动期的梦的平衡联系起来 McNamara is beginning to connect the balance of REM and non-REM dreams
与我们所有人的精神健康。 with the mental well-being of us all.
这可能是抑郁症的一个因素。 It could be a factor in depression.
通常情况下，我们通过非快速眼动睡眠入睡，但抑郁症患者。 Normally we fall asleep through non-REM sleep but depressives,
患有内源性抑郁症或严重抑郁症的人。 people with endogenous depression or severe depression,
他们直接进入REM，然后停留在REM中。 they go right to REM and then they stay in REM
而且他们在REM中花费了太多的时间。 and they spend too much time in REM.
因此，如果快速眼动睡眠与所有这些不愉快的情绪有关 So if REM sleep is associated with all this unpleasant emotion
而你得到了太多的REM，那么你将会有 and you get too much REM, then you are going to have
有很多不愉快的情绪。我们称之为抑郁症。 a lot of unpleasant emotion. We call that depression.
因此，在发现快速眼动睡眠的几十年后，科学家们正开始 So decades after the discovery of REM sleep, scientists are beginning
以了解梦境塑造我们清醒生活的程度。 to understand the extent to which dreams shape our waking lives.
我从天而降，来到这个美丽的童话星球。 I descended from the sky onto this kind of beautiful fairytale planet.
我有一个扁平的纸板箱。 I had a flat cardboard box,
你知道那些你组装在一起的。 you know those ones that you assemble together,
我把它带到这个金字塔上，它的一端有一个严重的下降。 and I took it up to this pyramid and it had a severe drop at one end
和我把它放在一起。 and I put it together.
然后我从盒子里的金字塔上跳了下来 And then I jumped down off the pyramid in the box
并撞上了人行道，但奇怪的是，它实际上并不疼。 and hit the pavement but the strange thing was it didn't actually hurt.
天上有一种飞船，非常吓人，所有的 There's like this kind of spaceship in the sky, very scary and all the
水坑，如果你碰了它们，你就会着火。 water puddles if you touched them you had, you catch on fire.
找出为什么梦对我们的生活如此重要。 To find out why dreams are so central to our lives,
有一个人研究了那些不做梦的人。 one man has studied those who don't dream.
我经常发现，当我问病人 I frequently found when I ask patients
在他们遭受中风后，无论他们是否在做梦。 after they have sustained strokes whether they are dreaming or not,
最初他们并不完全确定，然后是在接下来的日子里 initially they're not entirely sure and then it's in the following days
因为他们现在正在关注他们的梦想 because they are now paying attention to their dreams
他们向我报告，他们不再做梦了。 that they report to me that they are no longer dreaming.
我们中的许多人认为我们没有梦想。 Many of us believe we don't dream.
事实上我们大多数人都有，只是我们不记得了。 In fact most of us do, it's just we can't remember them.
但马克-索尔姆斯教授在其职业生涯的大部分时间里 But Professor Mark Solms has spent much of his career
唤醒那些真正不报告梦境的少数人。 waking the rare individuals who really do not report dreams.
三年前中风之后 Following a stroke three years ago
希瑟-琼斯就有这样的经历。 Heather Jones had just such an experience.
在我中风之前，我绝对是一个有很多梦想的人。 Before my stroke I definitely was someone that had lots of dreams.
在我中风之后，它只是。 After my stroke it was just,
从字面上看，入睡就像进入了一片空白。 literally going to sleep was like going into a blankness.
这几乎就像你只是暂时缺席一样。 It's almost as if you're just absent for a while.
只是在睡觉时或醒来时没有那种感觉。 There was just not that same sense in the sleep or when I was waking up
我一直在做梦。 that I'd been dreaming.
没有梦的记忆，也没有做梦的感觉。 There was no memory of dreams and no sense of having been dreaming.
希瑟的中风影响了大脑的一个部分，称为顶叶。 Heather's stroke affected a part of the brain called the parietal lobe.
索尔姆斯认为这就是梦想产生的地方。 Solms believes this is where dreams are made.
有顶叶损伤的人，如希瑟持续，经常停止 People with parietal damage, like Heather sustained, frequently stop
在损害发生后的早期阶段完全做梦。 dreaming completely in the early stages after the onset of the damage.
这是因为顶叶 That's because the parietal lobe
服务于结合我们不同的感官，听觉、视觉和触觉。 serves the purpose of combining our different senses, hearing and vision and touch.
所有的人都聚集在那里，想象的空间 All come together there and the imaginary space
我们在梦中所处的环境是在大脑的那一部分产生的。 that we are living in during our dreams is generated in that part of the brain,
所以如果它被损坏了，你就不能做梦了。 so if it's damaged you can't dream.
这种梦境的丧失会带来衰弱的后果 This loss of dreaming has debilitating consequences
正如希瑟非常清楚地知道的那样。 as Heather knows only too well.
虽然我可以非常容易地入睡，但我没有 Although I could go to sleep very easily, I wasn't having
我称之为高质量的睡眠。 what I would call good quality sleep.
在夜间可能会在夜间醒来数次 At night probably waking several times through the night
所以我没有得到持续的那种睡眠时间。 so I wasn't getting a continued sort of period of sleep.
当我醒来的时候，我只是觉得仍然很累。 When I woke up, I just felt tired still.
睡眠与失梦之间的关系 The relationship between sleep and loss of dreaming
事实上，我目前正忙于研究。 is in fact something that I'm busy researching at the moment.
我们的初步发现表明，至少非做梦的病人 Our preliminary findings suggest that at least non-dreaming patients
他们很容易入睡，但在整个过程中却不断醒来。 fall asleep perfectly easily but then they keep on waking up throughout the
晚上，事实上，特别是在快速眼动睡眠期间。这几乎就像 night, in fact particularly during REM sleep. It's almost as if
当你可能预计他们会在做梦时，他们就会醒来。 when you might have expected that they would be dreaming, they wake up.
尽管看起来很怪异。 As bizarre as it may seem,
索尔姆斯认为梦可能是使我们保持睡眠的一种方式。 Solms suggests dreams could be a way of keeping us asleep.
索尔姆斯发现，大脑的另一部分，即动机系统。 Solms has found that another part of the brain, the motivation system,
在做梦时也很活跃。 is also active during dreaming.
而这也让他对我们做梦的原因有了进一步的认识。 And this has given him a further idea about the reason why we dream.
事实上，大脑的这一部分。 The fact that this part of the brain,
寻求系统，在梦中是如此活跃，表明梦。 the seeking system, is so active in dreams, suggests that dreams,
至少我们得说 at minimum we have to say
梦中有某种动机的搜索。 that dreams have some kind of motivated search in them.
我们在梦中寻求一些东西。 We're seeking something in our dreams.
这可能是梦中的实际故事情节，当我们发现自己 It may be the actual storyline of the dream when we find ourselves
在一些奇怪的景观中徘徊，寻找着什么。 wandering about some strange landscape looking for something.
也许这就是它的表达方式。 Maybe that's how this expresses itself.
Solms认为，这种寻求活动 Solms believes that this seeking activity
象征着对答案的寻找。 symbolises the search for answers.
更有可能，因为这是个更普遍的解释。 More likely, cos it's a more general an explanation,
是，我们在梦中与某种问题作斗争。 is that we are grappling with some sort of problem in our dreams
并试图为当前关注的一些问题找到解决方案。 and trying to find a solution to some matter of current concern.
这里面有一种寻找的过程。 There's a kind of a searching involved in that.
随着时间的推移，希瑟取得了恢复 In time, Heather made a recovery
而且她再一次能够从做梦中受益。 and once more she was able to benefit from dreaming.
当我再次开始做梦时，这真的是一种兴奋。 It was an excitement really when I began to dream again.
我确实告诉了别人这件事。我告诉了我的伴侣，我告诉了我的理疗师。 I did tell people about it. I told my partner, I told my physio
因为这是我没有想到会回来的东西。 cos it was something that I hadn't thought would return.
如果你意识到做过梦。 If you're aware of having dreamt,
这有助于让人感觉到你有一个良好的睡眠。 that contributes to a feeling you've had a good night's sleep.
这当然也是我的感受。 And that's certainly how I feel.
所以科学发现，梦可能有很多目的。 So science has revealed that dreams may have many purposes,
一个良好的睡眠是寻求解决方案的方式。 a good night's sleep a way of seeking solutions.
它们甚至可能是维持我们心理健康的一种方式。 They may even be a way of maintaining our mental health.
我和我妹妹在房间里玩 I was playing in my room with my sister
然后我正准备出去，我妈妈说。 and then I was about to go outside and my mum said,
抬起头来，因为有一个女巫在那里。 keep your head up because there is a witch about.
我当时在厨房里。我记得它有非常明亮的颜色 I was in the kitchen. I remember it had really bright colours
和大量的阳光 and a lot of sunshine
我看到桌子上有一只虫子，我听到它说，"汉堡包，汉堡包。" and I saw a bug on the table and I heard it say, "hamburger, hamburger. "
我起飞了，飞起来了，我开始加速了。 I take off and fly and I'm starting to accelerate faster,
更快，更快，我意识到我是RCA电路中的一个电子。 faster, faster and I realise I was an electron inside an RCA circuit
以光速移动。 moving around at the speed of light.
虽然科学已经开始解开梦的许多谜团。 Whilst science has begun to unravel many of the mysteries of dreams,
有一个问题比其他任何问题都更经得起推敲。 there is one question that has endured more than any other.
我们的梦想有什么意义吗？ Do our dreams mean anything?
我作为一个科学家对做梦的兴趣是男孩。 My interest in dreaming as a scientist is boy,
我只是想了解这些事情。 I just want to understand these things.
这实在是太有趣了，太令人兴奋了。 It's just so interesting and so exciting.
更加有趣和迷人的是 What is more interesting and fascinating
和心理上比做梦更重要？ and psychological than dreaming?
人们凭直觉知道，他们的梦中有一些东西是有意义的。 People intuitively know that there is something about their dreams that is meaningful.
人们无休止地迷恋着梦想。 People are endlessly fascinated by dreams.
这种认为梦意味着什么的信念 This belief that dreams mean something
在全球范围内被共享，并且仍然是许多文化的核心。 has been shared across the globe and remains central to many cultures.
在加拿大北部的森林深处 Deep in the forests of Northern Canada
在Sesikinikak湖畔，生活着伊蒂凯梅克人。 on the banks of Sesikinikak Lake, live the Itikemek people.
解释他们的梦的含义 Interpreting the meaning of their dreams
是该部落信仰的核心。 is at the very core of the tribe's belief.
伊蒂凯梅克人聚集在一起进行晨梦圆梦 The Itikemek gather for their morning dream circle
他们在其中分享他们的梦想。 in which they share their dreams,
长者们利用他们的民间传说来告诉他们这些东西可能意味着什么。 the elders drawing on their folklore to tell them what they might mean.
玛丽安是长者，最精通理解梦境。 Marianne is the elder and most versed in understanding dreaming.
在梦境中，宝琳讲述了关于她儿子的第二个梦境 In the dream circle Pauline tells of a second dream about her son
伊万，一个吸毒者。 Ivan, a drug addict.
为伊蒂克梅克人。 For the Itikemek,
梦是否有任何意义的问题是毫无疑问的。 the question of whether dreams have any significance is beyond doubt.
但科学有可能找出它们可能意味着什么吗？ But is it possible for science to find out what they might mean?
在整个20世纪，许多心理学家。 Throughout the 20th century many psychologists,
以西格蒙德-弗洛伊德为首，认为梦是来自我们无意识心灵的象征。 led by Sigmund Freud, thought dreams were symbols from our unconscious mind
这需要解释的。 which need to be interpreted.
现在在加拿大的蒙特利尔市，现代数学的力量 Now in the Canadian city of Montreal the power of modern mathematics
正在被用来告诉我们梦的含义。 is being used to tell us what dreams mean.
有令人信服的证据，使我们相信 There is convincing evidence that leads us to believe
梦的内容 that the content of dreams
告诉我们很多关于大脑如何处理信息的信息。 tell us a lot about how the brain can process information,
并且对我们的心理健康很重要。 and is important for our psychological well-being.
安东尼奥-扎德拉是蒙特利尔大学梦想实验室的一名科学家。 Antonio Zadra is a scientist in the University of Montreal's dream lab.
在这里，他收集了成千上万的梦想。 Here he's collected thousands of dreams.
每一个都经过了分析，以了解它的确切成分。 Each has been analysed to see exactly what it's made of.
这些丰富的内容随后被转化为数字。 This rich content is then turned into numbers.
嗯，我们所做的是对整个梦想系列进行编码 Well, what we did is we coded the entire dream series
在各种要素方面。 in terms of various elements.
谁是人物，谁是情感，谁是环境？ Who are the characters, the emotions, the settings?
然后我们输入了这些量化的数据。 And then we entered these quantifications,
这些结果的数字在我们的电子表格中。 these resulting numbers in our spreadsheet.
这一艰辛过程的结果是 The result of this painstaking process
是一个关于我们梦想生活的综合数据库。 is a comprehensive database of our dream lives.
扎德拉可以告诉我们，我们多久会梦到性。 Zadra can tell us how often we dream about sex,
以及是否涉及我们的伙伴甚至是名人。 and whether it involves our partner or even a celebrity.
他甚至可以告诉我们，我们多长时间做一次负面的梦。 He can even tell us how often we have negative dreams.
但他的数据库并不能解释许多人。 But his database doesn't explain the many.
当告诉我们一个人的梦想时，它是最有启示性的。 It is most revealing when telling us about the dreams of an individual.
我们希望看到整个系列的梦想 We want to see a whole series of dreams
这样，我们就可以检测出在整个梦境系列中反复出现的模式。 so that we can then detect patterns that recur over that entire dream series
从而更好地了解这个人的梦想生活一般是什么样的。 and thus get a better idea of what this person's dream life is generally like.
通过将这些要素与规范进行比较，扎德拉可以解释 By comparing these elements against the norm, Zadra can interpret
某人的梦想意味着什么。 what someone's dreams mean.
这是一个48岁的职业男子的一系列梦。 This is a series of dreams from a 48-year-old professional man.
他称他的妻子为B。 He calls his wife B.
B和我正在做早餐。 B and I are making breakfast.
我也在冲泡咖啡，但当我看向咖啡的时候 I was also brewing some coffee but when I looked over at the coffee
制造商它是......溢出。 maker it was... overflowing.
柜台上到处都是咖啡，咖啡不停地倒出来......。 There was coffee all over the counter and coffee just kept pouring out...
B一直在喊你做了什么，你做了什么？ B kept on yelling what did you do, what did you do?
我试着拔掉它的电源插头...我取出了玻璃容器 I tried unplugging it... I removed the glass container
但它不会停止。 but it wouldn't stop.
他的母亲来了，他悲痛欲绝，父母也是。 His mother arrives, he's inconsolable and parents too.
但母亲一直告诉人们 But the mother keeps telling people
这都是我的错，声音很大，我试图为自己辩护，比如醒来。 it's all my fault, it's loud and I try to defend myself like wake up.
而从这一系列的梦中 And from this series of dreams
扎德拉发现不幸是一个反复出现的特征。 Zadra spots misfortune as a recurring feature.
当我试图移动汽车时，车轮只是不停地旋转......。 When I tried to move the car the wheels just kept spinning...
B非常生气，告诉我有 B was getting very upset and was telling me there
我又出来了，一切都很好。我又出来了，一切似乎都很好...... was still too much snow. I got out again and everything seems OK...
我又进去了，但什么也没发生，只是更多的旋转......。 I got back in but nothing happened just more spinning...
事实上，80%的这些梦都包含某种不幸。 In fact 80% of these dreams contain some sort of misfortune.
然而，在他的数据库中，Zadra发现不幸的平均发生率为 Yet on his database, Zadra finds the average occurrence of misfortune
在中年男子的梦中，只有30%。 in the dreams of middle aged men is just 30%.
他的梦想系列的另一个真正突出之处在于 The other thing that really stands out with his dream series
是，他梦中的其他人物几乎都是女性。 is that almost all of the other characters in his dreams are women.
有一个，几乎是没有男性形象的，互动的 There's an, almost an absence of male figures and the interactions
他与这些妇女的关系几乎无一例外地是负面的。 he has with these women is almost invariably negative.
再次说明这些关于女性的负面梦境的频率 Once more the frequency of these negative dreams about women
远远高于正常水平。如果让我做一个有根据的猜测 is far higher than the norm. If I were to make an educated guess
关于这个特定男人的生活中发生了什么。 about what is going on in this particular man's life,
是，似乎有对关系问题的担忧 is that there seems to be concerns about relationship issues
而且他肯定是被各种因素压垮了 and also he is definitely overwhelmed by factors
这对他产生了不利的影响 which are impacting him negatively
但他觉得自己无法控制。 but which he feels he has no control over.
因此，对扎德拉来说，这并不奇怪 So it came as no surprise to Zadra
来了解这对夫妇的遭遇。 to learn what happened to this couple.
五年后，他们离婚了。 Five years later they divorced.
扎德拉已经制定了许多梦想活动的规范。 Zadra has worked out the norm for many dream events.
只有五分之一的女性关于性的梦想涉及她们的伴侣 Only a fifth of woman's dreams about sex involved their partners
但对男性来说，这甚至更少，只有六分之一的时间。 but for men it's even less, just a sixth of the time,
而女性应该梦想着与名人发生性关系 and women should be dreaming about having sex with celebrities
是男性的两倍。 twice as often as men.
但可悲的是，我们四分之三以上的梦想是负面的。 But sadly more than three-quarters of our dreams are negative.
最重要的是，该数据库显示，我们的梦想 Most of all, the database reveals that our dreams
更直接地反映了我们清醒时的担忧 are a much more straightforward reflection of our waking concerns
比以前认为的要好。 than previously thought.
梦并不隐藏其含义，而是相对透明的。 Dreams do not hide their meanings but are relatively transparent
而且我认为有很好的证据表明，梦想 and I think there is good evidence to suggest that dreams
倾向于反映人们的情感关切 tend to reflect people's emotional concerns
也是他们在社会生活中所关注的事情。 and also things that preoccupy them in their social lives.
梦想不只是有意义。 Dreams don't just have meaning.
它们是一些伟大的天才时刻的来源 They have been the source of some of the great moments of genius
在人类历史上，最终改变了世界。 in human history and ultimately have changed the world.
梦想已经为两个诺贝尔奖的获得者负责。 Dreams have been responsible for two Nobel prizes,
几种主要药物的发明。 the invention of a couple of major drugs,
其他科学发现。 other scientific discoveries,
几个重要的政治事件和不计其数的小说。 several important political events and innumerable novels,
电影和视觉艺术作品。 films and works of visual art,
所以他们在我们的社会中一直非常重要。 so they've been very important in our society.
来自哈佛大学医学院的Deirdre Barrett教授已经被 Professor Deirdre Barrett from Harvard Medical School has been
研究梦想是如何帮助我们解决问题的 studying just how it is that dreams can help us solve problems
我们在清醒的生活中无法破解。 which we cannot crack in our waking lives.
当我们在梦中思考问题时，我们可以更清楚地看到事情的发展。 We can see things much more clearly when we think about them in dreams
而且还能帮助我们跳出盒子思考问题。 and it also helps us think outside the box.
我们的联想比较松散，比较直观，不那么线性。 Our associations are looser and more intuitive and less linear.
科学的经典象征。 The classic symbol of science,
据说，元素周期表中的 "A "和 "B "都是来自中国。 the periodic table of the elements, is said to have come
俄罗斯化学家迪米特里-孟德雷在一个梦中说的。 to the Russian chemist Dimitri Mendelay during a dream.
1844年，美国发明家Elias Howe正试图设计 In 1844 American inventor Elias Howe was trying to design
他的第一台缝纫机 his first sewing machine
但他无法解决如何让它握住针的问题。 but he couldn't work out how to make it hold the needle.
一天晚上，他梦见自己被手持长矛的野蛮人袭击。 One night he dreamt of being attacked by savages with spears.
当他在恐惧中醒来时，他最后看到的是 As he woke up in terror, the last thing he saw
是他们所有的长矛在矛尖上都有一个孔。 was that all of their spears had the hole at the pointed tip of the spear
他意识到这是你在缝纫机针上打洞的地方。 and he realised that's where you put the hole in a sewing machine needle.
这种非凡的创造力甚至可以在文学中找到。 This extraordinary creativity can even be found in literature.
弗兰肯斯坦的故事是由玛丽-雪莱梦想出来的。 The story of Frankenstein was dreamt up by Mary Shelley.
这种驾驭梦想和解决问题的能力 This ability to harness dreams and solve problems
这不仅仅是天才的专利。 is not just the preserve of genius.
似乎我们中的许多人也能做到这一点。 It seems that many of us can also do it.
只要对自己说，我今晚想梦到X Just say to oneself, I want to dream about X tonight
当你渐渐入睡时，在我的研究中 as you're drifting off to sleep and in my research
我发现大约50%的人可以做到这一点 I find that about 50% of people can do that
如果他们只是在短暂的时间内进行这种练习。 if they just practice that for a brief period of time,
约有一半人会得到一个真正令人满意的答案 and about half will get an answer that is really gratifying
对任何问题。 to whatever the issue is.
但是，梦想的用处并不只是停留在这里。 But the usefulness of dreams does not just stop there.
最近人们发现，我们可以利用我们的梦想 It has recently been discovered that we can use our dreams
以帮助我们在睡梦中学习。 to help us learn in our sleep.
这一最新突破背后的科学家 The scientist behind this latest breakthrough
是罗伯特-斯蒂克戈尔德教授。 is Professor Robert Stickgold.
梦在某些方面告诉我们更多关于大脑中发生的事情 A dream tells us more in some ways about what's happening in the brain
在我们睡觉的时候 while we're sleeping
比我们所拥有的任何其他科学调查方法都要重要。 than any other scientific method we have of investigating it.
斯蒂克戈尔德设计了一个实验，揭示了 Stickgold has devised an experiment that reveals
只是梦想如何影响我们的学习。 just how dreams affect our learning.
因此，约翰在这里主要是玩得很开心。 So John here is mostly just having a lot of fun.
他正在学习如何玩这个游戏，即《高山飞车II》。 He's learning how to play this game, Alpine Racer II,
这是一个下坡滑雪的模拟器。 which is a downhill skiing simulator.
他实际上是通过移动他的脚来控制屏幕上的那个角色。 He actually controls that character on the screen by moving his feet
他正在学习很多关于如何做到这一点的知识，以及我们的想法。 and he's learning a lot about how to do it, and what we think
是，随着大脑进入睡眠状态。 is that as the brain goes to sleep,
它将会回到这些图像上。 it's going to come back to these images.
这很紧张。我正试图击败一个时间，我正试图保持 It's intense. I'm trying to beat a time and I'm trying to stay
在这些门之间，它是困难的，但它是一个很大的乐趣。 in between these gates and it's difficult, but it's a lot of fun.
一旦约翰入睡，斯蒂克戈尔德就会叫醒他 Once John has gone to sleep, Stickgold wakes him
通过夜晚，看看他的梦有什么变化。 through the night to see how his dreams have changed.
斯蒂克戈尔德发现，虽然受试者最初对游戏的梦想。 Stickgold found that whilst subjects initially dream about the game,
他们后来的梦想借鉴了其他的记忆。 their later dreams draw on other memories.
请现在报告。我正走过......雪地上的鞋印。 Please report now. I was walking through... bootprints in the snow.
有些人留下了鞋印，就像在复制他们一样。 Some had made bootprints like copying them,
要进入这些。 going into the ones,
踏入已经被踏入的。 stepping into the ones that were already stepped in,
就像在雪地上跟着别人的脚步走。 like following somebody else's steps along in the snow.
他得到的图像是走过雪地，踏上了 The image that he gets is walking through snow and stepping into the
他或其他人在他面前制定的步骤，当然还有 steps that he or someone else had laid down before him, and of course
如果你准确地走在雪地上，会有多大的便利？ how much easier it is to walk through the snow if you go exactly
你上次踩过的地方。在这些协会中。 where you stepped last time. In these associations,
斯蒂克戈尔德认为梦和记忆之间有明显的联系。 Stickgold perceives a clear link between dreams and memory.
我有这样的印象，正在发生的事情 I have this image that what's happening
是大脑不只是注意到了游戏 is the brain is not just paying attention to the game
但是想说的是，那是什么样子的，我还有什么其他的记忆？ but is trying to say, what is that like, what other memories do I have
是这样的吗？他还想着在雪地里移动 that's like that? And he thinks about moving through snow
而且我可以想象，大脑试图说。 and I can just imagine the brain trying to say,
所以，当我下次尝试滑雪的时候。 so when I try to ski this next time,
我是否应该尝试完全按照上次的方式来做？ shall I try to do it exactly the way I did it last time?
随着约翰再次参加滑雪比赛，他的表现也有所提高。 As John takes to the ski game once again, his performance has improved.
我在这部分有点碰壁了 I was kind of hitting the wall coming up on this part
但我认为我可以避免它... but I think I can avoid it...
是的，我认为这很好。 Yeah. I think that's pretty good.
而正是这种改进 And it is this improvement
这表明梦是我们学习方式的核心。 that demonstrates dreams are central to the way we learn.
他们知道，当他们再次比赛时，他们正在变得更好 They know that they are getting better when they play again
而在其他研究中，我们有证据表明，当他们梦到它时。 and in other studies we've evidence that when they dream about it,
那些梦想着的人 those people who dream about it
实际上最终会在下一次表现得更好。 actually end up performing better the next time.
因此，在做梦时，斯蒂克戈德认为，我们正在带来新的经验 So in dreaming, Stickgold believes that we are bringing new experience
来承担旧的记忆，这就是我们学习的方式。 to bear on old memories, and this is how we learn.
也许我们对记忆做的最重要的事情就是不要保留它们 Maybe the most important thing we do with memories is not keep them
他们发生的方式的结晶。 crystallised the way they happened,
但把它们拆开，找出重要的东西 but taking them apart and figuring out what's important
关于发生在我们身上的事情，以及这与其他的事情有什么关系 about what happened to us, and how that relates to everything else
过去发生的事情，并弄清楚这意味着什么？ that's happened in the past, and figuring out what that means
关于我们的未来，关于我们明天要做什么，在一个月后 about our future, about what we are going to do tomorrow, a month in the
未来，未来一年，我怎么能使用这些信息。 future, a year in the future, how can I use that information.
在某些方面，人类大脑能够做的最出色的事情是 In some ways, the most brilliant thing that the human brain can do
是那种提取和意义的创造。 is that kind of extraction and meaning-making.
当我们在黑夜中沉睡的时候，这些幻觉 As we slumber through the dark hours of the night, these visions
萦绕在我们心头的不是我们大脑中的随机信号。 which haunt our mind are not just random signals in our brain.
他们有一个目的。 They have a purpose.
科学已经表明，有一个重要的联系 Science has shown that there is an important connection
在我们的梦和我们的记忆之间。 between our dreams and our memories.
以及这些有益的特质。 As well as these beneficial traits,
我们都知道，梦想有另一面。 we all know that dreams have another side.
外面很黑，有点下雨。 It's dark outside, kind of raining,
非常，非常，可怕的不祥，它就像这种宇宙飞船... ... very, very, scary ominous, and it's like this kind of spaceship...
还有一只带着这些巨大铁链的手臂 And an arm with these huge chains
这块大石板上刻满了象形文字... with this big stone tablet all inscribed with hieroglyphics...
一个男人从床后的墙后面走过来，他来到了 A man comes through the back of the wall behind the bed and he comes
像这样穿墙而过的事情，然后他抓住了我们的把柄 through the wall like this kind of thing and then he gets a hold of us
在我的脚边，他开始把我们从我的床上拉下来 by my feet and he starts pulling us out of my bed
然后我觉得自己好像要紧紧地抓住床了 and then I feel as though I'm trying to cling on to the bed
而他说的是非常可怕的事情，非常可怕的事情。 and he's saying really horrible things, really scary things.
有一个人相信这些可怕的事件 There is one man who believes these terrifying incidents
对我们有好处，没有它们，人类就无法生存。 are good for us, that without them humanity could not survive.
安提-雷冯索是一位收集噩梦的芬兰科学家。 Antti Revonsuo is a Finnish scientist who collects nightmares.
他认为，我们今天的许多恶梦 He thinks that many of the bad dreams we have today
与我们古代祖先所经历的相同。 are the same as those experienced by our ancient ancestors.
哦，很肯定的是，我们的祖先确实做了梦 Oh, it's pretty certain that our ancestors did dream
因为做梦似乎是生物学上的程序。 because dreaming seems to be biologically programmed
进入我们的大脑，而我们的祖先的大脑则是 into our brain, and the brain that our ancestors had
是与我们的大脑基本相同的。 was pretty much identical with our brain.
我们知道，我们的祖先生活在 And we know that our ancestors lived
在一个充满各种致命危险的环境中。 in an environment which was full of all sorts of fatal dangers.
是什么让Revonsuo得出了这些结论 What has led Revonsuo to these conclusions
是他对儿童恶梦的研究。 is his study of children's nightmares.
有一只狼，它开始追赶我，我跑啊跑。 There was one wolf and he started chasing me, and I ran and ran
并跑了起来，之后，他停了一分钟并叫了起来。 and ran, and afterwards, he stopped for a minute and barked,
然后又来了一只狼，又来了一只，又来了一只。 and then another wolf came and another and another and another
最后有一整群长着大长牙的狼。 and then in the end there was a whole pack of wolves with big long teeth
他们非常，非常多毛，又大又吓人 and they were very, very hairy and big and scary
然后他们开始追赶我。 and they started chasing me.
根据Revonsuo的说法，我们已经继承了这些梦想 According to Revonsuo, we have inherited these dreams
野生动物和怪物居住的地方是有原因的。 populated by wild animals and monsters for a reason.
它们是为每天的生存斗争而进行的排练。 They are rehearsals for the daily struggle to survive.
恶梦和噩梦的本质 The nature of bad dreams and nightmares
是它们含有威胁性的事件 is that they contain threatening events
他们强迫我们经历那些模拟的威胁性事件 and they force us to go through those simulated threatening events
以便在清醒的世界里 in order that in the waking world
遇到类似或不同类型的威胁性事件 we encounter similar or different kinds of threatening events
然后我们就能更有准备地在那些 and then we are more prepared to survive those
当我们在梦中为他们训练时。 when we have been training for them in our dreams.
这种预演压力事件的机制将一直伴随着我们 This mechanism for rehearsing stressful events will stay with us
为我们所有的生活，但在我们成长的过程中。 for all our lives, but as we grow up,
关于野生动物的梦想被现代恐怖所取代。 dreams about wild animals are replaced by modern horrors.
我在做梦，梦见我找不到班级 I was dreaming that I couldn't find the class
然后我的朋友不得不来参加这个课程 and then my friend had to come to this class
我也找不到她，她也找不到我。 and I couldn't find her either and she couldn't find me
并在我去上课的路上。 and on my way to the class,
电梯，你知道，我打开电梯... the elevator, you know, I opened the elevator...
我在电梯门口撞到一个小女孩，她死了。 the door of the elevator and I hit a little girl and she died.
成年人有非常现代的噩梦和恶梦类型 Adults have very modern types of nightmares and bad dreams
比如丢了钱包，撞了车之类的。 like losing your wallet, crashing you car or something like that
因此，似乎我们的大脑 so it seems our brain
是能够自我调整并包括更多的现代威胁。 is capable of adjusting itself and including more modern threats.
尽管我们可能会害怕我们的恶梦。 Although we may dread our nightmares,
它们实际上帮助我们处理未来的一天，并且作为一个物种。 they actually help us deal with the day ahead, and as a species,
我们应该为这些可怕的异象而感恩。 we should be thankful for these fearsome visions.
恶梦和噩梦是一件好事。 Bad dreams and nightmares are a good thing.
它们迫使我们为清醒世界的类似事件做好准备。 They force us to be prepared for similar events in the waking world.
没有噩梦和恶梦 Without nightmares and bad dreams
有一个很好的机会，人类就不会在这里了。 there is a good chance that humanity wouldn't be here.
但对有些人来说，噩梦的重现。 But for some, the reoccurrence of nightmares,
远远不能帮助我们在清醒的世界中生存。 far from helping us to survive in the waking world,
具有完全相反的效果。 has exactly the opposite effect.
有些人遭受了如此可怕的经历 There are people who suffer an experience so dreadful
它一次又一次地出现在他们的梦中。 that it reappears in their dreams again and again.
我从医院回来后经常做的一个恶梦 The one nightmare I had regularly when I came back from hospital
是我被困住了，就像我在医院一样。 was I'd be trapped, like I was in hospital.
我觉得我的手臂会像这样，我的腿会像那样。 I'd feel like my arms would be like this, my legs would be like that.
我不能动，我不能移动任何东西，我不能说话。 I couldn't move, I couldn't move any thing and I couldn't speak
而他总是来，在身边。 and he'd always come, be at the side.
莎拉-迈克尔的噩梦是由她清醒生活中的事件引起的。 Sarah Michael's nightmares were caused by events in her waking life.
他们开始后的关系 They started after the relationship
她和她当时的伴侣的关系惊人地破裂了。 with her then-partner broke down spectacularly.
而我只是坐在那里，他可能真的很正常 And I was just sitting there, and he could be really normal
然后就像这样翻转 and then just flip like that
突然间，他站了起来，站在我身上，然后他就开始大喊大叫! and just suddenly, he just got up and stood over me and he just went whack!
直接进入，直接进入这里，然后......就像。 Right into, right into here and... and just like,
要记住他的具体做法非常困难。 it's very difficult to remember the exact way that he did it.
我只记得这个巨大的人在我头上晃来晃去 I just remember this great big looming person over me
记得婴儿在那里，婴儿开始哭泣 and remember the baby was there, the baby started crying
然后第一次撞击时，我感觉到有东西裂开了。 and then the first impact I felt something crack,
我立即知道有什么不对劲，但我不知道是什么不对劲。 and I knew immediately something was wrong but I didn't know what
我痛得大叫，倒在了地上。 and I screamed in pain and fell onto the floor.
第二天，她痛苦地倒下了，被紧急送往医院。 The next day she collapsed in agony and was rushed to hospital.
在那里，医生诊断出肋骨骨折和脾脏破裂。 There, doctors diagnosed broken ribs and a ruptured spleen.
她当时的伴侣来到重症监护室看她。 Her then-partner came to see her in Intensive Care.
这也真的很吓人 That was really scary as well
因为他试图让人觉得情况并没有那么糟糕。 because he was trying to make out that it wasn't as bad as it was,
所以他告诉我他爱我，但他并不是真心的 so he was telling me that he loved me and he didn't mean it
但随后他就会交换和改变 but then he would swap and change
并说这是我的错，因为他就是这么做的，他把我弄糊涂了。 and say it was my fault because that's what he did, he confused me.
当我们因某一事件而受到创伤时，该记忆会被储存在 When we are traumatised by an event, the memory is stored
在大脑中处理原始情绪的部分，杏仁核。 in the part of the brain which deals with raw emotion, the amygdala.
记忆被定格在那里，一次又一次地回放。 The memory is frozen there and replayed again and again.
这就是发生在莎拉身上的事情，所以她的梦想，而不是处理 This is what happened to Sarah so her dreams, rather than processing
和解决她的记忆，只能起到加强记忆的作用。 and resolving her memories, only served to reinforce them.
每做一次噩梦，创伤性的记忆就会变得越来越严重。 With every nightmare the traumatic memories became worse and worse
直到它们也重新出现在她清醒的生活中。 until they reappeared in her waking life as well.
开车时，我看着后视镜，会觉得他就在我后面。 Driving, I'd look in my rear view mirror and I'd think he's behind me,
在我身后的汽车里，但我知道这不可能是他。 in the car behind me but I knew it couldn't be him
但我的大脑告诉我，那是他，尽管我知道 but my mind was telling me that it was him, even though I knew
他不能这样做，我不得不把我的车停下来。 that he couldn't and literally I had to stop my car
而我不得不停车，因为我无法呼吸。 and I'd have to park up because I couldn't breathe.
我想如果我不能呼吸，我就会崩溃。 I thought if I can't breathe, I'm going to crash.
最终，莎拉被她的梦想所禁锢。 Eventually Sarah became imprisoned by her dreams,
太害怕离开房子。 too afraid to leave the house.
我说服自己，我是疯了。 I convinced myself that I was mad.
我感到很生气。我所采取的一切，因为我没有睡觉。 I felt mad. Everything that I took, cos I wasn't sleeping,
我去找我的医生，我说，"我很生气。" and I went to my doctor and I said, "I'm mad. "
经过三年的恐惧，莎拉终于被诊断出 After three years of terror, Sarah was finally diagnosed
患有创伤后压力综合症。 with Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome.
经过许多个月的咨询。 Following many months of counselling,
她从恶梦中被释放出来。 she was released from her nightmares.
我谈得越多，它吓唬我的力量就越小。 The more I talked about it, the less power it had to frighten me
所以我们经常谈论它，但它似乎并不那么可怕。 so we'd talk about it quite a lot but it didn't seem so scary.
一旦我们做了所有的谈话，就不那么有力了 Once we did all the talking it wasn't so powerful
而且每次都感到越来越安全 and each time if felt safer and safer
就像我现在可以告诉你，只是我不觉得难过 like I could tell you now and only I don't feel upset
而且我的手没有出汗，我不觉得有什么创伤。 and my hands aren't sweaty, I don't feel traumatised.
这似乎只是发生过的事情，现在不再发生了。 It just seems something that happened and it's not happening any more.
它过去了，它消失了，它结束了。 It's been, it's gone, it's finished.
莎拉的故事表明，思想的力量 Sarah's story shows that the power of the mind
可以利用它来克服甚至是最衰弱的梦想。 can be harnessed to overcome even the most debilitating of dreams.
看来在做梦和清醒之间有一条细微的界限。 It appears that there is a fine line between dreaming and being awake.
是什么让他们分开 What keeps them apart
是指外部世界对我们意识的影响程度。 is the degree to which the outside world impinges on our consciousness.
梦和意识之间的关系 The relationship between dreams and consciousness
是我认为我们实际上可以说我们一直在做梦。 is I think we could actually say that we are dreaming all of the time.
只是在清醒状态下，我们的梦被塑造出来了 It's just that during wakefulness our dreams are shaped
通过我们的感官获得的刺激信息。 by stimulus information that's coming through our senses,
而在做梦时，我们大脑中的同一意识 whereas during dreaming, the same consciousness within our brains
不受任何外部信息的影响 is not shaped by any external information
但它是在内部产生的。 but it's generated internally.
所以我认为，生命是一个由感官引导的梦。 So I think that life is a dream which is guided by the senses.
清醒时，我们似乎可以控制自己的意识状态 When awake, we appear to have control over our conscious state
但也有极少数人 but there are a rare few
能够将自己的意识控制延伸到睡眠中的人 who can extend control of their consciousness into their sleep
并将梦境和清醒的世界结合起来。 and bring the worlds of dreams and wakefulness together.
这些人被称为清醒的梦者。 These people are called lucid dreamers.
对于一个有争议的科学家来说，清晰的梦境的发作 For one controversial scientist, an episode of lucid dreaming
它是如此强大，改变了他的生活轨迹。 was so powerful it changed the course of his life.
他的名字是斯蒂芬-拉伯格。 His name is Stephen LaBerge.
我做了几个清醒的梦，你知道的，只是自发的。 I had a couple of lucid dreams where you know just spontaneously
我有，"啊这是一个梦，这很有趣。 I had, "ah this is a dream and this is interesting,
"我想更多地了解它。" "I want to learn more about it. "
我开始阅读有关书籍，发现 I started reading books about it and found out
在70年代末，大多数睡眠研究和做梦的专家都认为 in the late '70s that most experts in sleep research and dreaming
认为清晰的梦境是不可能的。 thought that lucid dreams were impossible.
拉伯格着手证明专家是错误的 LaBerge set about proving the experts wrong
并设计了一个巧妙的实验来做到这一点。 and devised an ingenious experiment to do so.
在他的臣民入睡之前。 Before his subjects went to sleep,
拉伯格给了他们一个简单的指示-- LaBerge gave them a simple instruction -
如果他们在梦中意识到有闪烁的灯光 if they became aware of a flashing light during their dream
他们要移动他们的眼睛，首先向左，然后向右。 they were to move their eyes, first left and then right.
然后在他们做梦的时候，拉贝格将一束光照在他们的眼睛上。 Then as they dreamt, LaBerge shone a light in their eyes.
值得注意的是，做梦的人回应说。 Remarkably the dreamer responded.
一个人可以简单地向左看，向右看。 A person could simply look to the left and look to the right,
和从左到右，这将是一个预先商定的信号 and left to right, and that would be a pre-agreed upon signal
因此，这确实变成了可能。 and so indeed that turned out to be possible.
在证明了清晰的梦境是可能的。 Having demonstrated that lucid dreaming was possible,
拉贝格离开了科学世界。 LaBerge left the world of science behind.
如今在夏威夷的大岛上。 Nowadays on the big island of Hawaii,
LaBerge聚集了一批人参加清醒梦境研讨会 LaBerge gathers groups of people for lucid dreaming workshops
他使用了一种借鉴其早期实验的技术。 and he uses a technique which draws on his early experiments.
学生们得到了一个带有闪光灯的面具。 The students are given a mask with a flashing light.
如果他们能学会在睡觉时对此作出反应。 If they can learn to respond to this whilst asleep,
那么他们就是清醒的梦者。 then they are lucid dreamers.
拉贝格希望他的学生能更进一步 LaBerge wants his students to go one step further
通过学习如何在他们的梦中成为自我意识。 by learning how to become self-aware during their dreams.
因此，最好的梦想标志之一 So one of the best dream signs
甚至不是你所看到的或感觉到的 is not even what you are seeing or feeling
在内心的梦想世界里。 out in the inner dream world.
这是对自己思想的反思 It's reflecting on your thoughts
我现在心里想的是什么。 of what's going through my mind right now.
并问道，这在现实生活中会发生吗？ And asking the question would this happen in real life?
如果我的肢体数量增加，我知道我在做梦。 If my count of limbs multiplies, I know I'm dreaming
因为它们通常不会像这样繁殖，好吗？ cos they don't usually just reproduce like that OK?
大多数人在这里是为了探索神奇的梦想世界 Most people are here to explore the amazing world of dreams
而对于一些人来说，拉伯格认为它有更严重的用途。 and for some, LaBerge believes it has a more serious use.
面对和克服恶梦 Facing and overcoming nightmares
是我认为最重要的应用之一。 is I think one of the most important applications.
对于有恶梦的人来说，就是要学会理解恶梦是什么。 For people with nightmares, it's learning to understand what they are,
他们不再吓唬你，这是一个非常有说服力的强大工具。 they stop frightening you and it's a very compelling powerful tool
我相信是为了个人的整合。 for personal integration, I believe.
对贾斯汀来说，它是克服噩梦的希望。 For Justin it's the hope of overcoming nightmares
这使他来到了这个岛。 that has brought him to the island.
好吧，我基本上希望发展我做清醒梦的能力。 Well, I'm basically hoping to develop my ability to have lucid dreaming.
我是一个正在戒酒的人，我经常被梦境所困扰 I am a recovering alcoholic and I'm bothered a lot of times by dreams
关于喝酒和焦虑，这些都是非常令人不安的梦。 about drinking and anxiety, and those are very disturbing kinds of dreams
我真的希望能够获得对这些的控制。 and I would really like to be able to gain control over those
并在睡梦中完成它，这样当我醒着的时候 and work through it in my sleep so that when I am awake
我可以帮助自己减少对酒精的想法。 I can help myself to reduce my thoughts about alcohol.
那天晚上，贾斯汀在面罩的闪光灯的帮助下。 That night Justin, helped by the flashing lights of the facemask,
上床后，他决心控制自己的梦想。 goes to bed determined to take control of his dream.
早上，他向小组报告。 In the morning, he reports to the group.
我在做爱 I was having sex
我看到侧面有一束光闪过 and I saw a flash of light off to the side
而且我看到有人在拍照。 and I saw someone taking photographs.
我的第一个想法是我得去拿相机，然后我就追着他。 My first thought was I've got to get the camera and I chased him.
在这种情况下，拉贝格看到了清醒的第一个迹象。 In this scenario, LaBerge sees the first signs of lucidity.
相机代表闪烁的光。 The camera represents the flashing light.
下次我在做爱的时候，灯光闪烁，我就会说嘿...... Next time I'm having sex and lights are flashing I'll just say hey...
这通常会发生吗？笑声 does this usually happen? LAUGHTER
在接下来的几个晚上，贾斯汀磨练自己的技能 Over the next few nights Justin hones his skills
直到他终于做了第一个清醒的梦。 until he finally has his first lucid dream.
这是最令人兴奋的事情之一 It was one of the most exciting things
这是在我身上发生过的事情。 that has ever happened to me.
我正在睡觉，突然意识到我是醒着的。 I was asleep and suddenly I realised I was awake,
而我只是有一个兴奋和狂喜的洪流 and I just had a flood of excitement and ecstasy
并意识到我在做梦 and was aware that I was dreaming
即使我在床上，我也能做不可思议的事情。 even though I was in the bed and I was able to do incredible things.
我把我的手臂伸得很远 I stretched my arms really far
我用铅笔在空中画了一扇门 and I drew a door in the air with a pencil
然后变得如此兴奋，我就醒了。 and then became so excited, I woke up.
掌控我们的梦想生活是一种能力，从它 Taking control of our dream lives is an ability from which
拉贝格认为我们都能从中受益。 LaBerge believes we can all benefit.
在我看来，清晰的梦境是一种应该被教授的技能。 It seems to me that lucid dreaming is a skill that ought to be taught
在文法学校，它只是嘿，这里有你能做的事情。 in grammar school where it's just hey here's something you can do.
这是一个你可以试验你的生活的地方 It's a place you can experiment with your life
而不用担心后果。 without worrying about consequences.
因此，科学发现我们的梦想是很多东西。 So science is finding our dreams are many things.
由我们的大脑开发的一个重要的进化装置 A crucial evolutionary device developed by our minds
以帮助我们巩固记忆。 to help us consolidate our memories.
一个解决我们问题的方法。 A way to solve our problems.
梦想甚至帮助我们生存。 Dreams even help us to survive.
在整个漫长的夜晚。 Throughout the long night,
我们的思想正在训练我们面对未来的日子。 our mind is training us to face the coming day.
重要的是通过培训，然后我们得到 The important thing is just to go through the training and then we get
所有训练的好处，即使是在清醒状态下 all the training benefits, even if during wakefulness
我们不知道我们已经训练了一晚上。 we have no idea we've been training all night.
我认为，他们的价值在于 I think that their value lies
在他们是多么不同的思想模式。 in what a different mode of thought they are.
他们是如此的直观和形象的一种思维模式 They're so much more intuitive and visual a mode of thinking
而在我们的文化中，我们花了那么多的时间 and in our culture, we spend so much time
在这种非常合乎逻辑的线性思维模式下 in this very logical linear mode of thinking
他们的主要好处在于 that their main benefit lies
在提出这样一个不同的观点时 in presenting such a different point of view
对我们通常处理事情的方式。 to how we usually approach things.
我们的大脑正在努力弄清楚 Our brain is working on figuring out the importance
和我们时代的事件的意义。 and significance of events from our days,
它们如何与我们过去的旧事件结合在一起。 how they fit together with old events in our past,
它们对未来可能发生的事件意味着什么 what they mean about likely events in the future
以及该处理是否具有功能性。 and if that processing is functional,
我相信一定是这样的，那么我们的梦就在告诉我们一些东西 as I believe it must be, then our dreams are telling us something
关于什么对我们来说是重要的，以及我们生活中的事件的意义。 about what's important to us and the meaning of the events in our lives.
所以今晚，当你进入奇妙的梦境世界时。 So tonight, as you enter the wonderful world of dreams,
躺下，让你的思想带你进入一生的冒险。 lie back and let your mind take you on the adventure of a lifetime.